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Why is my DMARC success rate suddenly dropping, and how does this affect spam rates and blocklists?

Summary

A sudden drop in DMARC success rates is a multifaceted issue. Common causes include unauthenticated mail sources (either internal or spoofed), changes to email infrastructure, and forwarding issues. While DMARC failures don't directly cause spam or blocklisting, they serve as a warning sign of potential deliverability issues and damaged sender reputation. Analyzing DMARC reports is crucial to diagnose the problem, by identifying the sending IPs, authentication results (SPF and DKIM), and DMARC policy application. Shared IPs and improper SPF/DKIM alignment can further complicate matters. Implementing proper email authentication practices, regularly reviewing DMARC reports, and setting appropriate DMARC policies are vital for maintaining email deliverability and protecting your brand.

Key findings

  • Multiple Root Causes: DMARC drops can stem from spoofing, infrastructure changes, authentication failures, forwarding issues, or new sending sources.
  • Indirect Impact on Deliverability: DMARC failures don't directly cause spam or blocklisting, but are a leading indicator of potential issues.
  • Reports are Critical: DMARC reports provide essential data for identifying the source of authentication failures.
  • SPF/DKIM Alignment Matters: Proper SPF and DKIM configuration and alignment are crucial for DMARC to function correctly.

Key considerations

  • Regularly Analyze Reports: Consistently review DMARC reports to quickly identify and address email authentication problems.
  • Proper Authentication: Ensure all sending sources are correctly authenticated with SPF and DKIM.
  • Policy Implementation: Start with a 'p=none' policy and gradually move towards stricter policies ('quarantine' or 'reject') as confidence in authentication grows.
  • Address Forwarding Issues: Implement SRS or other solutions to handle SPF failures caused by email forwarding.
  • Proactive Monitoring: Actively monitor DMARC success rates and investigate any sudden drops promptly.
  • Shared IPs: Be aware that shared IP addresses can influence your sender reputation; investigate whether issues on your shared IP may be influencing your DMARC results.

What email marketers say

8 marketer opinions

A sudden drop in DMARC success rate can stem from various factors, including unauthorized sending sources, misconfigured email authentication (SPF and DKIM), or domain spoofing. While DMARC failures don't directly cause spam classification or blocklisting, they signal potential email security issues that could indirectly lead to deliverability problems. Forwarded emails, especially without proper SRS implementation, can also break SPF authentication and contribute to DMARC failures. DMARC reports are critical for identifying the sources of authentication failures and unauthorized sending. The recommended approach involves analyzing DMARC reports, ensuring correct SPF and DKIM setup, especially for multiple ESPs, and gradually implementing stricter DMARC policies.

Key opinions

  • DMARC Impact: DMARC failures don't directly cause spam or blocklisting but are an indicator of potential security issues.
  • Root Causes: Common causes include unauthorized senders, misconfigured SPF/DKIM, and domain spoofing.
  • Forwarding Issues: Email forwarding can break SPF authentication if SRS isn't implemented correctly.
  • Reporting Importance: Analyzing DMARC reports is crucial for diagnosing the root cause of DMARC failures.

Key considerations

  • DMARC Reports: Regularly monitor DMARC reports to identify unauthorized sources and authentication failures.
  • Authentication Setup: Ensure SPF and DKIM are correctly configured for all sending sources, including multiple ESPs.
  • Policy Implementation: Start with a 'p=none' policy for monitoring and gradually move to stricter policies like 'p=quarantine' and 'p=reject'.
  • Forwarding: Consider implementing SRS for email forwarding to prevent SPF failures.
  • Brand Reputation: Proactively address DMARC failures to protect your sender reputation and prevent deliverability issues.

Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailerlite says to ensure all email is authenticated with SPF and DKIM. If you use multiple email service providers or send email from different servers, ensure that each one is correctly configured to authenticate email on behalf of your domain. If you are still seeing your DMARC success rate dropping after this you can investigate further.

15 Jul 2024 - Mailerlite

Marketer view

Email marketer from Proofpoint explains that a potential cause of DMARC failures is forwarded email. Forwarding can break SPF authentication, as the original sender's IP address no longer matches the domain's SPF record. Senders often use SRS (Sender Rewriting Scheme) to handle forwarding issues, but it's not always implemented correctly.

29 Nov 2022 - Proofpoint

What the experts say

6 expert opinions

A sudden drop in DMARC success rate often indicates issues with email authentication, potentially stemming from unauthorized senders, domain spoofing, or misconfigured SPF and DKIM. DMARC reporting is crucial for identifying the source of these failures, which are often detailed in XML format reports that require analysis to understand. Proper SPF and DKIM alignment is essential for DMARC to function effectively. While some blocklists might not be significant (e.g., SORBS), the primary focus should be on DMARC and spam complaints. Shared IP addresses can complicate DMARC issues, as problems might originate from other users on the same IP. Forwarding can break SPF as well. Reviewing the mail that is failing DMARC to see from what IP it originated is an important step. In Gmail complaints are domain based, and are not related to IP

Key opinions

  • Authentication Issues: DMARC failures often stem from incorrect authentication, spoofing, or unauthorized sending.
  • Importance of Reports: DMARC reports are vital for diagnosing the root cause of authentication failures and identifying senders.
  • SPF/DKIM Alignment: Proper SPF and DKIM alignment is crucial for DMARC to function effectively.
  • Shared IPs: Shared IP addresses can complicate DMARC issues as other users on the same IP may impact your reputation.

Key considerations

  • Analyze Reports: Regularly analyze DMARC reports to identify authentication failures and unauthorized sending sources.
  • Verify SPF/DKIM: Ensure proper configuration and alignment of SPF and DKIM records.
  • Address Complaints: Prioritize addressing DMARC and spam complaints over less relevant blocklists.
  • Monitor Sending: Investigate sending practices, especially within sales teams, to ensure proper authentication for all outbound emails.

Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise notes that interpreting DMARC reports requires understanding the XML format and the data they contain. The reports highlight the sources sending emails on behalf of your domain and whether they are passing or failing DMARC authentication. Analyzing these reports is essential for identifying and addressing the causes of a sudden drop in the DMARC success rate.

12 Apr 2025 - Word to the Wise

Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource shares that for DMARC to work effectively, SPF and DKIM need to be properly aligned. This means that the domain used in the 'Mail From' address (for SPF) and the 'd= domain' (for DKIM) must match the domain in the 'From' header of the email. If alignment is broken, emails may fail DMARC checks even if they pass SPF and DKIM individually, contributing to a drop in the DMARC success rate.

21 Jun 2022 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says

5 technical articles

A sudden decline in DMARC success can result from a variety of factors such as alterations to email infrastructure, improperly configured new sending sources, or a surge in phishing attempts using domain forging. DMARC serves as a tool to prevent spammers from falsifying the 'From' address, and DMARC failures indicate improperly authenticated emails, which increases the likelihood of spam filtering by email providers. The policies established determine how receiving mail servers manage unauthenticated emails. Analyzing DMARC reports, usually in XML format, is essential for pinpointing the origins of these failures and potential authentication misconfigurations. The reports contain valuable data like source IPs and SPF/DKIM results. These reports are delivered regularly and understanding them is crucial for email authentication health, potentially requiring specialized tools.

Key findings

  • Causes for Drop: Changes in infrastructure, new sources, and phishing attempts can all lead to a decrease in DMARC success.
  • DMARC's Primary Goal: DMARC is designed to prevent the spoofing of 'From' addresses in emails.
  • DMARC Policy Impact: DMARC policies define how unauthenticated emails should be handled by receiving servers.
  • Report Necessity: DMARC reports offer critical insights into the origins and nature of authentication problems.
  • Report Format: DMARC reports, often in XML format, may require specific tools for proper interpretation.

Key considerations

  • Review DMARC Reports: Regularly analyze DMARC reports to swiftly detect and address any email authentication issues.
  • Policy Evaluation: Ensure DMARC policy settings (none, quarantine, reject) align with your email security strategy.
  • Tool Utilization: Consider using specialized tools to make DMARC report analysis more efficient and accessible.
  • Infrastructure Changes: Evaluate and address authentication configurations with any infrastructure changes or new sending sources.

Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that a sudden drop in DMARC success rate can be caused by various factors, including changes in email infrastructure, new sending sources not properly configured, or an increase in phishing attempts forging your domain. They recommend reviewing DMARC reports to identify the source of the failures.

18 Oct 2024 - Google Workspace Admin Help

Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org explains that DMARC helps prevent spammers from forging the 'From' address in emails. When DMARC fails, it means that emails are not properly authenticated, potentially leading to increased spam filtering by email providers. While DMARC itself doesn't block emails, the policies you set (none, quarantine, reject) dictate how receiving mail servers should handle unauthenticated emails.

21 Apr 2022 - DMARC.org

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    Why is my DMARC success rate suddenly dropping, and how does this affect spam rates and blocklists? - Troubleshooting - Email deliverability - Knowledge base - Suped