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Does using images instead of text affect email deliverability?

Summary

The consensus among email marketing experts, marketers, and technical documentation is that using images instead of text can negatively impact email deliverability. A poor text-to-image ratio is a common trigger for spam filters, as spammers often use images to hide malicious links or bypass these filters. Emails with excessive images, especially without sufficient text or appropriate alt text, are likely to be flagged as spam and can harm sender reputation. It's crucial to maintain a healthy balance of text and images. Embedding all text as an image is strongly discouraged due to SEO issues and potential blocking by email clients. Using alt text on images is critical for conveying the image's purpose even when images are blocked. Avoid image-only emails and ensure images are hosted on trusted servers. The '80/20 text-to-image ratio' is often misunderstood; thoughtful use is more important than rigid adherence to a specific ratio.

Key findings

  • Poor Ratio = Spam: A poor text-to-image ratio can trigger spam filters.
  • Excessive Images = Flagged: Excessive use of images can lead email clients to flag emails as spam and negatively impact sender reputation.
  • Image-Only = Bad: Image-only emails are likely to be flagged as spam.
  • SEO Impact: Embedding all text as an image is bad for SEO, and search engines are unable to crawl this information.
  • Accessibility Issue: Using images instead of text excludes people who use text readers.

Key considerations

  • Maintain Balance: Maintain a healthy balance of text and images in emails.
  • Use Alt Text: Use descriptive alt text on all images to ensure their purpose is conveyed even when blocked.
  • Avoid Image-Only: Avoid image-only emails; always include sufficient text.
  • Trusted Hosting: Host images on trusted servers to avoid deliverability issues.
  • Consider User Experience: Take user experience into consideration, because phones will display the image much differently than desktop.

What email marketers say

9 marketer opinions

The consensus among email marketers is that using images instead of text can negatively impact email deliverability. A poor text-to-image ratio is a common trigger for spam filters, as spammers often use images to hide malicious links or bypass these filters. While visually appealing emails are encouraged, excessive use of images, especially without sufficient text, can lead email clients to flag the email as spam. Maintaining a healthy balance of text and images is crucial. Embedding all text as an image is also discouraged due to SEO issues and potential blocking of images by email clients. Using alt text on images is critical for conveying the image's purpose, even when images are blocked. The overall recommendation is to strive for a reasonable text-to-image balance and avoid image-only emails.

Key opinions

  • Poor Ratio Triggers Spam: A poor text-to-image ratio can trigger spam filters.
  • Excessive Images Flagged: Excessive use of images can lead email clients to flag emails as spam.
  • Image-Only Emails Discouraged: Image-only emails are likely to be flagged as spam.
  • Images Blocked: Some clients block images by default.
  • SEO Issues: Embedding all text as an image is bad for SEO.

Key considerations

  • Maintain Balance: Maintain a healthy balance of text and images.
  • Use Alt Text: Use alt text on images to convey their purpose when blocked.
  • Avoid Image-Only: Avoid image-only emails.
  • Consider Mobile: Be aware that images will display differently across devices so testing across multiple platforms is important.

Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that using too many images in a newsletter can lead to deliverability issues. He says that email clients prefer a good balance of text and images, and image-heavy newsletters are often flagged as spam.

18 Dec 2022 - Reddit

Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus states that using alt text on images is critical for deliverability. They explain that alt text ensures the purpose of the image is conveyed even if the images are blocked.

2 Feb 2024 - Litmus

What the experts say

4 expert opinions

Experts generally agree that images in email can affect deliverability, though not always as a direct cause. Overuse of images, especially when text is lacking or used inappropriately (e.g., embedding all text as an image), can increase the likelihood of emails landing in spam folders and harming sender reputation. Images can contribute to deliverability issues if they dominate the message, lack alt text, or are hosted on untrusted servers. The '80/20 text-to-image ratio' rule, often cited, may be a misinterpretation. While images aren't inherently bad, they're a factor considered by spam filters, and their use should be thoughtful.

Key opinions

  • Image Overuse Hurts: Overuse of images can cause emails to land in the spam folder and lower sender reputation.
  • Dominance Issues: Images dominating the message can lead to deliverability problems.
  • Alt Text Matters: Lack of alt text on images can negatively impact deliverability.
  • Trusted Servers: Images hosted on untrusted servers can contribute to deliverability issues.
  • 80/20 Misconception: The 80/20 text-to-image ratio is often misinterpreted and not a strict rule.

Key considerations

  • Avoid Overuse: Avoid overusing images in emails.
  • Provide Alt Text: Ensure all images have descriptive alt text.
  • Host Images Wisely: Host images on trusted servers.
  • Consider Engagement: Lack of engagement (e.g., due to inaccessible content) can have second-order effects on deliverability.

Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that images in email can contribute to deliverability problems if they dominate the message, lack alt text, or are hosted on untrusted servers. Images aren't inherently bad, but they can be a component of spam filtering decisions.

13 Mar 2025 - Word to the Wise

Expert view

Expert from Spamresource explains that using too many images in your email can cause your email to land in the spam folder and lower your sender reputation. However, it's important to note that there are a lot of factors that email providers consider, not just images. So while it won't always be the only reason, it can be a contributing reason.

6 May 2025 - Spamresource

What the documentation says

4 technical articles

Technical documentation consistently indicates that using images instead of text can negatively affect email deliverability. Spam filters analyze the ratio of images to text, and emails with high image content and low text content are more likely to be flagged as spam. This is partly because spammers use images to hide URLs or bypass text-based spam filters. Furthermore, emails predominantly composed of images can lead to recipients marking them as spam, negatively impacting sender reputation. Bulk emails should avoid the exclusive use of images, as images may be unavailable and text ensures the message can still be interpreted. Mail clients should also notify users when an email contains only images and implement safeguards to protect against undesirable content.

Key findings

  • Image/Text Ratio: Spam filters analyze the ratio of images to text in emails.
  • High Image Content: Emails with high image content and low text content are more likely to be flagged as spam.
  • Sender Reputation: Recipients marking emails as spam negatively impacts sender reputation.
  • Image Blocking: Images may be unavailable to the recipient, requiring text for interpretation.

Key considerations

  • Balance Content: Maintain a balance between images and text in emails.
  • Avoid Image-Only: Avoid exclusive use of images in bulk emails.
  • Safeguards: Implement safeguards for emails containing only images.
  • Accessibility: Ensure that text accompanies images so that all recipients can interpret the message.

Technical article

Documentation from RFC explains that mail clients should be capable of notifying users when an email contains only images. It advises to implement safeguards so that users understand that images may contain undesirable content.

29 Sep 2022 - RFC-Editor

Technical article

Documentation from Spamhaus explains that spam filters analyze email content, including the ratio of images to text. Emails with a high image content and low text content are more likely to be flagged as spam because spammers use images to hide URLs and other text-based elements that could be caught by spam filters.

14 Sep 2023 - Spamhaus

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