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Why does Google domain verification with TXT records fail and CNAME records work better?

Summary

Google domain verification often encounters challenges when using TXT records, leading to frustration for administrators. While TXT records are a common method for domain verification, CNAME records frequently prove to be more reliable and faster for this specific purpose. The core issue often lies in how DNS resolvers handle the caching of non-existent or newly added records.

What email marketers say

Email marketers frequently encounter frustrating delays and outright failures when attempting Google domain verification using TXT records. Many report experiencing similar issues and often resort to alternative verification methods when TXT fails. The general consensus among marketers is that while TXT should theoretically work, CNAME often proves to be a more immediate and less problematic solution.

Marketer view

A Marketer from Email Geeks observes that Google domain verification via TXT records often fails even with a very low Time-to-Live (TTL) setting, suggesting it might be related to DNS propagation.

16 Mar 2019 - Email Geeks

Marketer view

A Marketer from MailerSend notes that when setting up a sending domain, creating a CNAME record with provided fields on the domain verification page is crucial, confirming successful authentication once propagated.

13 May 2022 - MailerSend

What the experts say

Experts in DNS and email deliverability offer technical insights into why TXT record verification might falter while CNAME verification succeeds more readily. Their explanations delve into the nuances of DNS caching, particularly negative caching, and the architectural differences in how these record types are typically queried and stored by resolvers. The location of the record (root domain vs. unique subdomain) plays a significant role in their propagation behavior.

Expert view

An Expert from Email Geeks explains that the TTL setting on a DNS record only governs its existence, not when it is missing. If Google's resolver initially sees a missing record, it will cache that absence based on the domain's SOA settings, not the new record's TTL.

16 Mar 2019 - Email Geeks

Expert view

An Expert from SpamResource highlights that DNS propagation is a complex process influenced by many factors beyond just the set TTL, including the caching behavior of intermediate resolvers.

05 Jun 2023 - SpamResource

What the documentation says

Official documentation from Google and other platforms provides clear instructions for domain verification using both TXT and CNAME records. While TXT is often presented as the easiest method for most users, CNAME is frequently highlighted for specific use cases or as a robust alternative. The documentation implicitly supports the idea that while both methods are valid, their implementation and expected propagation times can differ due to underlying DNS mechanisms.

Technical article

Documentation from Google for Developers explains that clicking verify will prompt Google to check for the CNAME record, and if successfully found, you will be added as a verified owner of the domain.

21 Aug 2012 - Google for Developers

Technical article

Squarespace Help Center's troubleshooting guide for Google Workspace domain verification advises that if Google cannot verify your domain, you should add a TXT record if retrying fails, indicating a common hurdle.

17 Jan 2017 - Squarespace Help Center

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