Preventing bot attacks on email databases involves a multi-faceted approach, combining technical implementations, security measures, validation techniques, and monitoring strategies. Implementing CAPTCHAs, honeypots, WAFs, JavaScript challenges, and device fingerprinting helps identify and block bots. Input validation, email verification, rate limiting, and moving form locations further deter bot activity. Regular monitoring of traffic patterns, updating bot signatures, and storing referrer URLs are also essential. While double opt-in can reduce bot sign-ups, it may impact legitimate users if email delivery rates are low. Security experts advise validating email addresses and implementing robust form security measures. Balancing security with user experience is a key consideration across all these strategies.